ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus today has become the leading cause of the development of viral pneumonia and, as a result, severe respiratory syndrome. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has become a serious biological threat to humanity, which has taken the lives of more than 2.1 million people. The pathogenesis of the COVID-19 infection is poorly understood today. There is no data on the duration and tension of the immune system in relation to SARS-CoV-2, there is not enough data on the direct and indirect effect of the virus on organs and systems. There is the problem with the etiological decoding of COVID-19. The availability of various diagnostic test systems on the world market (PCR, ELISA, rapid tests) causes difficulties in interpretation of the results at various stages of the disease. The purpose of this article is to review the available methods and approaches to laboratory diagnostics aimed at verifying the causative agent of COVID-19 infection. Early detection of COVID-19 infection is of great social and economic importance for early identification of the infected population, reducing the risk of complications and improving the therapeutic effect. © 2021, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The COVID-19 infection has made its own adjustments not only to public life, but also had a significant impact on the healthcare system. The rapid spread of this infection around the globe caused an explosive rise in the incidence with the development of pneumonia. In this connection, one of the first drugs in therapy was antibacterial. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the first year of the pandemic led to an increase in the resistance of microorganisms and an increase in the number of cases of C. difficile infection. Purpose. To assess the state of resistance of clinically significant microorganisms in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study included clinically significant isolates of microorganisms isolated from the biological material of infectious patients. Who were hospitalized at the City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in 2019–2021. We studied 159 isolates of microorganisms isolated from blood samples, CSF, and 198 C. difficile isolates isolated from patients treated at the City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. Results. The ratio of microorganisms from sterile material has changed. In 2019, more than half of all isolated microorganisms were S. aureus, in 2020 A. baumannii became dominant, and in 2021 – S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. An increase in antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa was noted. The resistance of A. baumannii has changed. The number of cases of C. difficile infection has increased. Conclusion. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs also affected the sensitivity of microorganisms inoculated from patients of the infectious disease hospital in Minsk. Thus, the antibiotic resistance of both the gram negative flora and the gram positive flora increased;increased number of cases of C. difficile infection. © 2022, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The presented work contains the analysis of a virus-specific antibody frequency in patients with COVID-19, the timing of their appearance and the kinetics of seroconversion. It was found that total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus were detected in 55.7 % and IgG - in 74.7 % of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Their frequency was significantly higher than that in patients of the other examined groups. During the first 6 days, the kinetics of seroconversion was characterized by the appearance of total antibodies and IgG in 10.5 and 5.3 % of patients with COVID-19, respectively. In most patients (71.4 %), seroconversion of IgM and IgG was registered from 7 to 11 days and 100 % of patients had total antibodies and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 after 22 days of disease. The presented results complement the data accumulated in different countries of the world regarding the formation of a humoral immune response in COVID-19. © 2020 Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh. All rights reserved.